| Axis Definition | - 3 linear axes: X, Y, Z
- The tool moves in a straight line, machining a single plane in a single pass. | - 3 linear axes + 1 rotary axis (e.g. A-axis)
- Linear and rotary axes are linked to machine multi-angle planes. | - 3 linear axes + 2 rotary axes (e.g. A/B or B/C)
- 5-axis linkage, tool can cut into workpiece from any angle |
| Accuracy | - Low (±0.05mm class)
- Multiple clamping error prone | - Medium (±0.02mm class)
- Reduced number of clamping times improves accuracy | - Highest (±0.005mm class, micron class)
- Linkage processing avoids interference, resulting in high precision |
| Machining efficiency | - Low
- Complex parts require multiple clamping and turning | - Medium-high
- Multi-face machining in one clamping, 30%-50% increase in efficiency. | - Highest
- Complete the whole process in one setup, 20%-40% more efficient than 4-axis. |
| Machining types | - Surface milling, drilling, simple 2D/2.5D parts
- Regular surfaces (e.g. cylindrical surfaces) | - Multi-surface machining, cylinder side profile
- Moderately complex surfaces (e.g., convex molds for automotive molds) | - Complex free-form surfaces (e.g., impellers, propellers)
- Inverted features, multi-curvature transition parts |
